(Translate to English from “www.shara.ir” – Internet in Iran published on July 26, 2017)
Because of the BGP’s viewpoint, the Internet is a collection of self-contained systems, the Internet in Iran can technically be defined as an Iranian autonomous Iranian system with Iranian management.
Internet in Iran at the community level is mostly limited to web browsing and telecommunications, and academic research is in the universities, and e-commerce is provided at a limited level due to lack of infrastructure and rules. But new research suggests that e-commerce and business websites in Iran are more prosperous than neighboring countries. For other things like Internet reservation, hotels, charter tickets and tours, Nowruz train tickets, airline and ship tickets, Internet registration and email usage are also used on the Internet.
According to official statistics, there are now more than 36 million Internet subscribers in Iran, including 27 million mobile Internet subscribers. The number of Internet subscribers in Iran has risen by about 10 million in the year.
According to the ISNA, according to the data released by the Ministry of Communications from the first nine months of last year (1395), the number of mobile broadband subscribers was more than 27 million and 170 thousand and 619, and the number of fixed broadband subscribers was more than 9 million and 318 thousand. 943 people have arrived.
Also, by the end of December 95, more than 151.880 thousand SIMs have been assigned to various operators (Cellular One, Irancell, Rhythm and Talia). Of these, as in previous years, about half of the lost SIM cards remain in use in the mobile communications sector and are inactive.
The statistics of the Ministry of Communications, however, indicate that 80.520.299 and 249 SIM cards are being deployed.
According to the same statistics, the penetration rate of mobile phones in Iran in the first nine months of last year reached 101.55%. The penetration coefficient of the fixed telephone was 52.38% by the end of December of the same year. The statistics of the Ministry of Communications show the number of fixed lines in Iran about 30 million and 505 thousand lines.
In addition, there are 121,443 public telephones throughout Iran, and more than 49,14 villages also benefit from home telephones.
Iran’s Internet Influence Management System (SIPM) statistics for the year 92 showed that there are 40, 718, 740 Internet users in Iran. At the same time, it was clear that all of these users were not the regular subscribers of the Internet. The number of Internet subscribers in Iran in the middle of that year was 26 million and 676 thousand and 948 people.
Also, according to the announced population of 75 million and 149 thousand and 669 people in 2013, the penetration rate of the Internet by the end of the first half of that year was estimated to be 18.54 percent.
A superficial comparison between the year 92 and the first nine months of 1995 shows that although the population of Iran has grown to just 5 million over the same period, and has grown by around 80 million since the 80 million years ago, the number of Internet subscribers in the country has grown by about 10 million.
Prior to the creation of the Internet, the world-wide generation of the world-wide web-based Wi-Fi networks was used worldwide. According to Siavash Shahshahani, former deputy governor of the Institute for Basic Sciences, this center was connected to the BeitNet network in Iran in the year 1368 (from 1989 to 1990), the purpose of which was to relate scientific and research to the universities of the world. The Bitnet network has had a lot of difference with today’s Internet network. The main use of it was to receive and send emails. “When we approved our membership, Siavash Shahshahani, deputy governor of the Institute for Basic Science, said in an interview, adding a new clause to members’ obligations, and not to use the network for religious propaganda.” Another commitment was that No member should stop the passage of information from one country to another. Mohammad Javad Larijani was the one who accepted the commitments to establish this connection and signed the agreement. The center was initially connected to a university in Austria by dialing and using a telephone line. Thereafter, a leased line was established with the University of Vienna. This connection has been officially launched since 1993.
The national information network as the main information and communication infrastructure of the country encompasses the overall strategic objectives of electronic services, such as increasing the efficiency of e-government, reducing internet dependency and maximizing management access to it, expanding Iranian-Islamic content, and promoting digital literacy. Is.
The increase of digital business and the development of ICSI’s contribution to the economy and its use as a driving engine for the development and enhancement of the security and reliability of digital space in the economic, social and cultural sectors are among the other advantages of the national network of information. The river
Mahmoud Vaezi, Minister of Communications and Information Technology at the inauguration ceremony of the second phase of the National Information Network (1395), pointing to a reduction in the tariff for the new phase of the Internet . This has made people more likely to use videos and videos in the past. Take this bed.
– The speed of Internet access is increased in the second phase, and everyone can benefit from the service at any rate.
– Four of the centers in the first phase have now reached seven centers, and now people around the country can find good content in their place without needing to visit Tehran.
– The government’s policy is that content and services henceforth be regarded as wealth.
– The third phase of the National Information Network, which is the phase of maturity and growth, will be implemented on July 96 and before the end of the eleventh government.
The Internet came to Iran from universities around the world in about 1993 (equivalent to 1372 solar). The Foundation for Basic Knowledge was the first to go online and connect to the Internet through the University of Vienna. Initially, Internet connection services were only given to academic users. The public use of the Internet for the first time was provided by Neda Computer Co.
Internet policies
1. General policy of the system regarding computer information networks
These policies were approved and announced by the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei to regulate the rule of law on computer networks, including the Internet, on October 11, 1998, which included “Structuring and strengthening the National Computer Information System”, “Development” Quantitative and qualitative national information network “,” the creation of access to global information networks only through authorized institutions and institutions “,” active presence in global networks “,” the establishment and strengthening of a fair legal and judicial system “,” the development of information technology ” Especially the protection of information) and the future about the effects of IT developments “and” A. An integral part for achieving international covenants and international conventions, and establishing information unions.
2. The overall policy of the system in the area of security of space production and information exchange (DATA)
These policies were passed by the Supreme Leader on the security of information and communication technology, including the Internet, on February 29, 2010. The goal is to “create a comprehensive and inclusive national system and an appropriate mechanism for securing vital and critical structures in the field of information and communication technology, and continuously promote the security of electronic networks and information and communication systems in the country in order to continue public services Stability of national infrastructure, protection of secrets of the country, preservation of Islamic-Iranian culture and identity and moral values, and protection of privacy and legitimate freedoms and material and spiritual assets. “This goal, through” raising the level of knowledge and scientific capacities, Research, educational and industrial country for the production of science and technology “in the field of” single ” On Native Technology and Internal Specialist Capabilities “is being pursued in this area.
3. The decision to establish a High Council for Cyberspace
The council was formed on March 17, 2011 by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and is required to launch the National Center of Cyberspace.
Internet rules
1. The law of e-commerce
The e-commerce law includes a set of principles and rules that are used for easy and secure exchange of information using electronic interfaces and new communication systems. This law was passed in 2003.
2. Act of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
This law defines the duties and powers of the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology of Iran. This ministry was created during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
3. Computer crime law
The Computer Crime Act defines instances of unauthorized and criminal use of a computer that is a significant part of it related to Internet-based activities. The law, which is the basis for the work of the Task Force on the Identification of Criminal Content, was approved in 2009 during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
The main provisions of the development, management and provision of the Internet
High Cultural Revolution Regulations
Following the approval and communication of the general policies of computer information networks by the Supreme Leader, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, “Regulations and Covenants on Computer Information Networks”, was approved by 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 and 488 in 1380. At the top of this regulation, the principles governing it are as follows:
– The free access of people to information and knowledge.
– Civil and legal responsibility of individuals in relation to their activities.
– Observance of social rights and cultural and technical protection of the country in this territory.
– Creating maximum ease of delivery of information and Internet services to the general public.
The first of these regulations is the “Guidelines for obtaining licenses and technical standards for international point of contact”, which places the international point of view in the government’s monopoly and issues its licensing to executive bodies to the Supreme Council for Information. This regulation obliges all the makers of the international call point to take the necessary steps to protect and control the centralized networks, which are:
– Provide an appropriate refining system to prevent access to prohibited moral and political sites and eliminate unwanted entries. Also, the determination of the refinement criteria is delegated to the Strategic Commission of the Supreme Council for Information.
– Establishing a proper firewall system to protect networks from destruction, deception and theft of information.
– Establishing an International Banking Point of the Bank, the Internet users of their Internet users will be available to the Ministry of Post and Telegraph and telephone to the Ministry of Information, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Supreme National Security Council, by a decision of the judge upon request.
– Providing the ability to prevent unconventional communication, such as unconventional communication and indirect communication in unauthorized cases
In addition, the Ministry of Ministry of Post and Telegraph and the telephone want to provide the necessary arrangements for communication between users within the country through the domestic network.
The second item is the “Regulations on the Providers of Information Services and Internet Services”. This regulation determines the activities of the Internet service provider, the conditions for obtaining licenses, the manner of issuing licenses and the monitoring of their activities by the Ministry of Post and Telegraph and telephone. It also expresses the responsibilities of these companies and their users, including the responsibility for the content of the products produced by them, the rights of the creators, the refinements, the registration of users’ information and their Internet activities, and providing them to the Ministry, protecting the rights of users and preventing attacks. Their computers protect the privacy of users’ private information and provide quality services. In addition, it specifies the prohibited content.
The third is the “Online Services Offices”, which describes the conditions and procedures for obtaining permission from internet cafe operators and the regulations governing their activities. According to these Regulations, these centers are the unit of trade and should be licensed from the relevant class. Interestingly enough, it’s paying attention to emerging services such as Internet telephony or Avvan.
The Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution approved the implementation of the above-mentioned regulations in February 2002 in order to safeguard the national and Islamic culture, consisting of representatives from the Ministry of Intelligence, the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, and the Voice and Television Organization, with the mission of the Ministry of Intelligence . The committee will determine the instances of unauthorized computerized computerized databases and will send it to the Ministry of Post and Telegraph and the Telephone. “In 2003, another representative of the Secretariat of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and a representative of the Islamic Propaganda Organization were added to the committee.
In this way, these regulations end the private sector’s activities in establishing an international call point. Regulates and regulates private sector activity in the Internet domain and for the first time establishes the mechanism of official refinement in Iran. Governorate responsibilities in this area are assigned to the Supreme Council for Information and the Ministry of Post and Telegraph and Telephone. Of course, during the 1990s, with the restructuring of these two entities and the change of laws, especially the computer crime law, most of these regulations are implied.
Administrative structure
1. The Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
Although the main objectives of the council are related to cultural issues, one of the council’s resolutions in the year 1381, which limits the maximum transmission rate for Internet users to 128 kilobits per second, has had a direct impact on the Internet in Iran. Later, the reason for this speed limitation was the lack of appropriate programs in the field of cyberspace.
2. High Council for Information
The Supreme Council of Information is one of the institutions in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which was established in 1998 in order to guide the information and guidance of networks and information centers and coordinate their activities, as well as formulate medium and long term programs in the fields of fundamental, developmental and applied information research. In the form of information system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been approved.
3. High Tech Information Council
The council is responsible for the development of strategic and strategic objectives for the development of information technology, policy-making on the use of information technology in various social, economic and cultural fields, the formulation of rules and regulations and rules for the field of information technology and the development of international communication cooperation programs in the field of information technology. .
4. National Center of Cyberspace of Iran
The center was formed by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution by the Supreme Council of Cyberspace.
Executive organs
1. Ministry of Information and Communications
Iran’s Ministry of Communications and Information Technology is responsible for planning, supporting and developing the infrastructure and capabilities of the National Telecommunication and Information Services of Iran, and along with the Radio Regulations and Radiocommunication Organization and Infrastructure Communications Corporation as one of the main custodians and the Internet is active in Iran.
2. Infrastructure communications company
The Infrastructure Communications Company is one of the subsidiaries of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, which, as the trustee of the telecommunications network in the country and the Ministry of Information and Communications Ministry’s agent, is responsible for the operation of switching and communication of telecommunication operators at the points of presence and related networks has it.
3- Information Technology
Organization of Iran Organization of Information Technology Organization of Iran, task of compiling strategies, policies and programs of long-term and middle-term information technology, designing, updating and correcting IT architecture of this country, organizing, monitoring and directing Internet and intranet services in this country, creating coordination Between national IT projects, and providing guidelines, rules and regulations, and the technical and technical standards required for the IT area of Iran.
One of the activities of this organization is the Information Security Management Center, the National Internet Development Management Center, the Security Studies Group, the Iran Electronic Services Unit, the Computer Assistedance and Co-ordination Management Center, the Information Technology Management Center and the Internet Speed Measurement Services .
4. The National Development Management Center of the Internet The National
Center for National Development Development (IIS) in May 2012 was introduced by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a reference to the listing of email providers (e-mail) hosted on the Internet, which should be accepted by banks and insurance companies for their clients’ email addresses. . Accordingly, the use of email addresses such as Gmail, Yahoo, etc. was banned by bank customers and insurers. The center is also responsible for assigning URLs and .ir domains.
5. Regulatory and Radiocommunication Organization
The Regulatory and Radiocommunication Organization is an independent regulatory and regulatory entity whose role is to compete with the market for telecommunications services and to increase the quality of their services. The organization is also responsible for determining the national frequency table, and issuing operating licenses for any telecommunications services.
6. The Ministry of Industry, Mining and Commerce
, including the roles of the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade of Iran on the Internet, can be referred to the “Guidelines for obtaining licenses and technical standards for international point of contact”, as well as the provision of an e-trust symbol for Internet businesses.
7. The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance,
including the role of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance on the Internet in Iran, can be referred to the Headquarters for organizing Iranian websites, which is responsible for verifying the content of Iranian websites on the Internet.
Law Enforcement and Judicial
Police. 1) Police in the area of production and exchange of information in Iran.
This specialist unit of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Police Force, known as the “Feta Police”, is responsible for dealing with phishing (internet fraud) and forging, stealing, hacking and penetrating, Organized computer crimes, pornography (misconduct), and privacy violations.
2. The Committee on the Examination of Criminal Computer Content
The committee is responsible for explaining the causes of computer crime law and includes members of the ministry or representative of ministries of education, communications and information technology, information, justice, science, research and technology, Islamic culture and guidance, chairman The Islamic Propaganda Organization, the head of the Voice and Television Organization and the Police Chief, an expert in information and communication technology selected by the Committee on Industry and Mines of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and one member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly will be selected by the Legal and Judicial Commission and approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly. And the chair of the committee as Attorney General of the country.
3. The Special Judicial Prosecutor of Computer Crimes
After the immediate approval of the plan to intensify the punishment for disrupting the mental security of the community, the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Legal and Judicial Commission of the Islamic Republic, on July 12, 1387, in charge of reviewing this plan. Article 5 of this plan stipulates that the investigation of offenses covered by this law shall be out of bounds at all stages of proceedings and shall be conducted in special departments appointed by the head of the judiciary. Following the bill, Tehran’s deputy prosecutor Mahmoud Salarkah announced the launch of a special computer and Internet crime prosecution service. The Special Prosecution for Computer Crimes was set up in 2008 and its responsibility was assigned to Tehran’s Public and Revolutionary Courts.
4. Private and Nongovernmental Section
In Iran, there are more than 600 Internet Service Providers (RIAs) providing users with access to the Internet in a variety of ways. Telecommunication company, which is a trustee of providing Internet to the expressive companies, also acts as a sparse company. The Radiocommunication Regulatory and Radiocommunication Commission (IPC) in 2004 issued a data transfer license to 12 private Internet service providers for 10 years, one of which is Iran Telecommunication Company.
The remaining private companies known as Neda now have half of the high-speed Internet market in the copper cable box, and the other half of the market is available to Iran’s telecommunication company. Meanwhile, according to the “National Council and National Competition”, the share of telecommunications from users of each province should be 10 percent or less, but in practice telecommunications has 50 percent of the number and 70 percent of the revenue.
Services on the Internet
1. E-commerce
According to Note 26, the second law of the five-year economic development plan of the country (1378-1374), the Ministry of Commerce has been obliged to create and launch e-commerce nationally and internationally with the help of all governmental institutions and bodies. For this reason, the Ministry of Commerce started working as an observer in the 14th Board of Electronic Information Exchange for Administrative, Commercial, and Transportation Affairs in 1995, and in August 1996, with the cooperation and participation of other organizations such as Customs, Ministry of Roads, Ministry of Post and The telegraph and central bank of the same panel were formed in Iran.
At present, e-commerce in Iran can be accelerated by using bank cards of several member banks. Electronic banking services such as invoicing, transfer of funds, and payment of bills of water, electricity, gas, landline and mobile phones are provided by banks in Iran.
In addition, hotel reservations, charter tickets and tours, Nowruz trains, airline tickets, and ferries are being booked in Iran.
Internet shops have been growing since the advent of the Internet in Iran, and now there are several online stores such as DJ Commodity, Bamilo, Single Basket, Iran Genus, Choar, Zanbil, Mozzano, and the final 5040 everyday business. It is booming and attracts more customers.
2. E-government
In recent decades, e-government services in Iran have been discussed primarily nationally and later as provincial. Among the cases of e-government, which has been realized so far, can be the 10 + police. In 1394, some provinces such as Gilan and Yazd reported the establishment of e-government in that province.
3. Health Electronics
In addition to the fact that part of government activities in the health sector (such as Iran’s health insurance, affiliated to the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare) is available through e-government through the Internet, in recent years, the plan to replace the insurance booklets Social security is also provided with an electronic card. In June 2014, the Minister of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare announced the replacement within three months, but by 1394, the project has not yet been implemented. In 1394, a similar report was made on the health insurance of the armed forces .
Source » http://www.shara.ir/view/28888/اینترنت-در-ایران